Tham khảo Phản_thông_tin

  1. ↑ Ion Mihai Pacepa and Ronald J. Rychlak (2013), Disinformation: Former Spy Chief Reveals Secret Strategies for Undermining Freedom, Attacking Religion, and Promoting Terrorism, WND Books, tr. 4–6, 34–39, 75, ISBN 978-1-936488-60-5
  2. ↑ Bittman, Ladislav (1985), The KGB and Soviet Disinformation: An Insider's View, Pergamon-Brassey's, tr. 49–50, ISBN 978-0-08-031572-0
  3. ↑ Shultz, Richard H.; Godson, Roy (1984), Dezinformatsia: Active Measures in Soviet Strategy, Pergamon-Brassey's, tr. 37–38, ISBN 978-0-08-031573-7
  4. ↑ Ireton, C & Posetti, J (2018) "Journalism, fake news & disinformation: handbook for journalism education and training" UNESCO: https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000265552
  5. ↑ “City & County Cullings (Early use of the word "disinformation" 1887)”. Medicine Lodge Cresset. 17 tháng 2 năm 1887. tr. 3. Truy cập ngày 24 tháng 5 năm 2021.
  6. ↑ “Professor Young on Mars and disinformation (1892)”. The Salt Lake Herald. 18 tháng 8 năm 1892. tr. 4. Truy cập ngày 24 tháng 5 năm 2021.
  7. ↑ “Pure nonsense (early use of the word disinformation) (1907)”. The San Bernardino County Sun. 26 tháng 9 năm 1907. tr. 8. Truy cập ngày 24 tháng 5 năm 2021.
  8. ↑ “Support for Red Cross helps U.S. boys abroad, Rotary Club is told (1917)”. The Sheboygan Press. 18 tháng 12 năm 1917. tr. 4. Truy cập ngày 24 tháng 5 năm 2021.
  9. 1 2 3 4 Ion Mihai Pacepa and Ronald J. Rychlak (2013), Disinformation: Former Spy Chief Reveals Secret Strategies for Undermining Freedom, Attacking Religion, and Promoting Terrorism, WND Books, tr. 4–6, 34–39, 75, ISBN 978-1-936488-60-5
  10. 1 2 Bittman, Ladislav (1985), The KGB and Soviet Disinformation: An Insider's View, Pergamon-Brassey's, tr. 49–50, ISBN 978-0-08-031572-0
  11. ↑ Shultz, Richard H.; Godson, Roy (1984), Dezinformatsia: Active Measures in Soviet Strategy, Pergamon-Brassey's, tr. 37–38, ISBN 978-0-08-031573-7
  12. ↑ Garth Jowett; Victoria O'Donnell (2005), “What Is Propaganda, and How Does It Differ From Persuasion?”, Propaganda and Persuasion, Sage Publications, tr. 21–23, ISBN 978-1-4129-0898-6, In fact, the word disinformation is a cognate for the Russian dezinformatsia, taken from the name of a division of the KGB devoted to black propaganda.
  13. ↑ Martin J. Manning; Herbert Romerstein (2004), “Disinformation”, Historical Dictionary of American Propaganda, Greenwood, tr. 82–83, ISBN 978-0-313-29605-5
  14. 1 2 Taylor, Adam (26 tháng 11 năm 2016), “Before 'fake news,' there was Soviet 'disinformation'”, The Washington Post, truy cập ngày 3 tháng 12 năm 2016
  15. ↑ United States Department of State (1987), Soviet Influence Activities: A Report on Active Measures and Propaganda, 1986–87, Washington D.C.: Bureau of Public Affairs, tr. 34–35, 39, 42
  16. ↑ Waller, J. Michael (2009), Strategic Influence: Public Diplomacy, Counterpropaganda, and Political Warfare, Institute of World Politics Press, tr. 159–161, ISBN 978-0-9792236-4-8
  17. ↑ “Time Traveler by Merriam-Webster: Words from 1939”.
  18. ↑ Ion Mihai Pacepa and Ronald J. Rychlak (2013), Disinformation: Former Spy Chief Reveals Secret Strategies for Undermining Freedom, Attacking Religion, and Promoting Terrorism, WND Books, tr. 4–6, 34–39, 75, ISBN 978-1-936488-60-5
  19. ↑ Bittman, Ladislav (1985), The KGB and Soviet Disinformation: An Insider's View, Pergamon-Brassey's, tr. 49–50, ISBN 978-0-08-031572-0
  20. ↑ Biagi, Shirley (2014), “Disinformation”, Media/Impact: An Introduction to Mass Media, Cengage Learning, tr. 328, ISBN 978-1-133-31138-6
  21. ↑ Martin, David (1990), The Web of Disinformation: Churchill's Yugoslav Blunder, Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, tr. xx, ISBN 978-0-15-180704-8
  22. ↑ Barton, Geoff (2001), Developing Media Skills, Heinemann, tr. 124, ISBN 978-0-435-10960-8
  23. ↑ Cunningham, Stanley B. (2002), “Disinformation (Russian: dezinformatsiya)”, The Idea of Propaganda: A Reconstruction, Praeger, tr. 67–68, 110, ISBN 978-0-275-97445-9

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